| Ablation..........................................................................................120 |
| ABO................................................................................................135 |
| Active surveillance..........................................................................107 |
| Anesthesia..........................................................................................1 |
| Angiogenesis....................................................................................18 |
| Autologous stem-cell transplantation..............................................143 |
| BCG................................................................................................124 |
| Benign prostatic hyperplasia...........................................................113 |
| Benign renal tumor........................................................................158 |
| Biopsy.................................................................................................1 |
| Bladder.......................................................................6,18,89,124,127 |
| Bladder neoplasms...........................................................................18 |
| Bladder tumor..................................................................................51 |
| Blood group...................................................................................135 |
| Cancer-specific survival.....................................................................99 |
| Cardiovascular disease risk................................................................59 |
| Checkpoint blockers.........................................................................67 |
| Complications..................................................................................46 |
| Cost-benefit....................................................................................117 |
| Cryotherapy....................................................................................120 |
| Cystectomy......................................................................................89 |
| Defensive surgery.............................................................................51 |
| Detrusor muscle................................................................................51 |
| Diagnostic marker............................................................................30 |
| Early bladder chemotherapy instillation............................................24 |
| Efficacy...........................................................................................143 |
| Exenteration.....................................................................................89 |
| Female..............................................................................................89 |
| FNCLCC grading system...................................................................93 |
| Framingham risk score......................................................................59 |
| Genitourinary sarcomas....................................................................93 |
| Germ cell tumors............................................................................143 |
| Hepatititis.......................................................................................124 |
| High-dose chemotherapy...............................................................143 |
| Immunotherapy................................................................................67 |
| Intravesical BCG...............................................................................24 |
| Intravesical chemotherapy................................................................24 |
| Invasion..............................................................................................6 |
| lamina propria....................................................................................6 |
| Laparoscopic surgery......................................................................154 |
| Laparoscopy...................................................................................158 |
| Lower urinary tract symptoms........................................................107 |
| Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio......................................................138 |
| Medical students..............................................................................10 |
| MicroRNA-21....................................................................................30 |
| Molecular markers.....................................................................18,127 |
| MRI..................................................................................................55 |
| mRNA expression...........................................................................149 |
| Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma.............................................55 |
| Nanomedicine..................................................................................34 |
| Nanotechnology...............................................................................34 |
| Nephrectomy..............................................................................59,99 |
| Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio............................................................40 |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio......................................................138 |
| Neutrophilto-monocyte ratio..........................................................138 |
| Non-muscle invasive bladder tumor........................................24,30,40 |
| Oncologic outcomes.........................................................................59 |
| Outcomes.........................................................................................14 |
| Overall survival.................................................................................93 |
| Pain....................................................................................................1 |
| Paratesticular sarcomas.....................................................................93 |
| Partial nephrectomy................................................................154,158 |
| Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio............................................................138 |
| Prognosis.....................................................................................18,99 |
| Progression.......................................................................................40 |
| Prostate..............................................................................................1 |
| Prostate biopsy..........................................................................46,138 |
| Prostate cancer..................................................14,34,67,107,113,138 |
| PSMA...............................................................................................34 |
| Radical nephrectomy......................................................................158 |
| Radiofrequency ablation.................................................................120 |
| Radiology.........................................................................................80 |
| Radionuclide imaging.......................................................................80 |
| RCC................................................................................................149 |
| Recurrence, prognosis......................................................................40 |
| Renal cell carcinoma..........................................................55,59,73,99 |
| Renal leiomyoma............................................................................158 |
| Renal tumor....................................................................................154 |
| Resistance mechanisms.....................................................................73 |
| Rhesus............................................................................................135 |
| Risk factors.......................................................................................46 |
| Robotic surgery.......................................................................117,154 |
| Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy....................................14 |
| Small renal mass.............................................................................120 |
| Smear ..............................................................................................89 |
| Superficial...........................................................................................6 |
| Survival.............................................................................................67 |
| Survival analysis................................................................................99 |
| Tamsulosin......................................................................................107 |
| Testicular cancer........................................................................10,135 |
| Testicular self-examination................................................................10 |
| Theranostic concepts........................................................................34 |
| TLR.................................................................................................149 |
| Tumor markers.................................................................................18 |
| TUR-BT.............................................................................................51 |
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitors .................................................................73 |
| Urinary biomarkers.........................................................................127 |
| Urological neoplasms........................................................................80 |
| Urology..........................................................................................117 |
| Vaccine.............................................................................................67 |
| Vitamin D.......................................................................................113 |